Metabolism Studies Essays - Animal Physiology, Thermoregulation

Metabolism Studies Abstract The purpose in experimenting with computer simulations was to compare oxygen consumption rates in different mammalian subclasses. We compared monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals at both warm and cold temperatures. The results supported our hypothesis that when temperature increased, metabolic rate decreased. This was also supported using a students t-test. We also found that placental mammals had the highest oxygen consumption rates and marsupials had the lowest. We compared oxygen consumption rates in different sized crabs at different temperatures. The results supported our hypothesis that the smaller crab would have a higher rate of consumption. However, in the crabs, as temperature was increased, metabolic rate increased also. Introduction The second law of thermodynamics affirms that all living organisms must receive a constant energy input in order to survive (Witz 2000). Almost all bodily activities require energy. It is important to study how animals obtain, process, and dispose of products needed to maintain a positive energy balance. When cellular respiration occurs in the body, heat is produced and given off into the environment by the release of potential energy contained in the chemical bonds of macronutrients. The amount of heat released into the environment and the rate at which chemical reactions occur in the cells are directly related. Two different relationships exist, one that describes the endothermic animal and one that describes the endothermic animal. The rate of heat produced by the endothermic animal while at rest, fasting, and within the thermoneutral zone is dependent upon the basal metabolic rate (BMR). The thermoneutral zone of the endotherm is described as the range of ambient temperatures wit hin which there is a limited change in metabolic rate. The standard metabolic rate is what the rate of heat loss in ectotherms relies upon. The difference between the two rates is the temperature factor. Due to that fact that the temperature of ectotherms has a wider range with ambient temperature than the endotherms, physiologists defined a different measure for the basal level of metabolism. Although it is possible to measure the animals heat lost to the environment by direct calorimetry, it is easier to use indirect calorimetry. An effective way of measuring heat loss is to use the rate of oxygen consumption. Since oxygen is required by most animal cells using biochemical pathways to metabolize macronutrients, and it varies in a predictable way, it is useful in determining metabolic rate. If we can estimate BMR accurately, we can predict the amount of energy needed for important aspects of the animals life, such as growth and reproduction. For comparative purposes in the laboratory, we will be comparing weight-specific metabolic rates. This will allow us to compare the oxygen used by a gram of rat tissue to the oxygen used by a gram of mouse or iguana tissue. We hypothesized that the metabolic rate of the ectotherms, which are the iguanas, will be lower than the metabolic rate of the endotherms, which are the rats and the mice. Computer simulated temperature differences in the environment of both endotherms and ectotherms will also cause a difference in metabolic rate. When exposed to cold temperatures, we hypothesized that the metabolic rate will be greater than when the organism is exposed to high temperatures. The animal requires a greater amount of energy to keep the body warm at low temperatures; therefore, the body must breakdown the macronutrients at a faster rate. Body size also influences metabolic rate. A smaller animal, such as a mouse, should have a greater metabolic rate than a larger animal with the same general morphology, like a rat. This difference in metabolic rate is due to the surface area to volume ratio. A smaller animal has a higher ratio and more surface area exposed to the environment; therefore, it requires more energy to maintain the positive energy balance. Students t-tests were used to compare differences in temperature and body size in endotherms and ectotherms, different mammalian subclasses, and in the crab. Methods Determining the WMR of endotherms and ectotherms- In this experiment, we found the average WMRs of a large endotherm, which was a rat, a small endotherm, which was a mouse, and an ectotherm, which was an iguana. The bottom of the metabolism chamber was covered with approximately 50

RB1 Very Short Essay

RB1 Very Short Essay RB1 Very Short Essay Retail Banks as Financial Intermediaries Professor John B Holland The University of Glasgow January 15th 2015 RETAIL BANKING – Juggling risks - for profit How do it? How learn how to do it? How develop Retail Bank? How get Competitive Advantage? RETAIL BANKING – Juggling risks - as teams & organisation How do it? How learn how to do it? How develop Retail Bank? How get Competitive Advantage? Real world Models of Retail Banks Overview – ‘juggler’ Retail banking – juggling financial risks - and returns /profits Individuals & teams in Bank firms Retail banking – juggling financial risks - and returns /profits Individuals & teams in Bank firms Banks as ‘middle men’ Bank as ‘Juggler’ Individuals Households Households Cash Deposits safety & Payments Services 1-7 Individuals Banks transform deposits into loans Equity Loans and Cash WHAT IS OVERALL VIEW OF INTERMEDIATION MODEL? =Complex ‘balancing’ or ‘juggling’ of risks – for profit ASSETS LIABILITIES ON BOTH SIDES Contracting & control of Information asymmetry =IS Moral hazard =MH, Adverse selection =AS Active screen of, influence of risky depositor/borrower behaviour. Diversification of risks. Use of capital risk ‘buffers’. Cross balance sheet risk effects. Thus transform Risk, Maturity, Liquidity via these internal mechanisms RETAIL BANKING – MAIN SLIDES ï  · Information asymmetry =IS ï  · Moral hazard =MH ï  · Adverse selection =AS ‘Real world’ model of Retail Banking Details of how they do it Retail banking – key points – about ‘real world’ model ï  · Bank as ‘juggler’ of risks for profit ï  · ï  · Small transactions –on balance sheet – small customers Banks exploit - combination of payments & intermediation ï  · Look at each risk area by itself – assume no dynamics between them – no juggling ï  · Contracting to reduce risk - both assets & liabilities ï  · Diversify risk- both assets & liabilities ï  · Cash ‘absorb’ liability risk ï  · Equity ‘absorb’ bad debt risk ï  · ï  · Bank manage risks – seek profit and added value Via how manage lending, how provide payment /deposits ï  · ï  · Overall Juggling = Bank transform capital = Financial intermediary ï  · Retail bank = risk & return management ‘machine’ = ‘real world’ model by size, risk, maturity etc Characterisitcs of RB RETAIL BANKING - CHARACTERISTICS ï  · Financial service provision to individuals and small firms ï  · Large volumes of low value transactions ï  · Large network of branches ï  · Major technology investment ï  · Close interaction with customers ï  · Retail often combined with wholesale, investment, & corporate banking RETAIL BANKING – BALANCE SHEET LIABILITIES ASSETS ï  · Many small deposits. ï  · Many deposit types current, 60 day etc. * Many small loans *many different terms For loans-rates/maturity ï  · Some large deposits from banks, firms. * loans longer life than Deposits & larger size ï  · High leverage low equity, high debt * cash in excess of required & securities as liquidity ï  · Liabilities mainly to fund financial Assets * real assets large but less than financial assets. RETAIL BANK - INCOME AND EXPENSES ï  · Fees & charges do not cover non interest expenses ï  · Labour costs high ï  · Interest margin wider than wholesale ï  · Payments services & ï  · Technology are major expenses Combine Payments and Intermediation? WHY COMBINE PAYMENTS & INTERMEDIATION ? ï  · Bank - based on links between ï  · Medium of exchange & ï  · Store of value ï  · & Bank advantages = ï  · + ‘Payment via claims on bank ï  · dominates payment via trade credit/IOUs ï  · Because banks have advantages in enforcing contracts, ï  · & Their debit cards / cheques /payments are safe / convenient WHY COMBINE PAYMENTS & INTERMEDIATION ? ï  · Money? Decisions to sell & buy ï  · Are separated in time ï  · Since money allows us to sell goods for general purchasing power which can be exercised later. ï  · Money used as store of purchasing power (= PP ) ï  · Seller can hold the proceeds between sale and future purchase ï  · - in wallet, but often in safe bank account ï  · Or buyer

There Are Several Ways to Check the Status of Your Immigration Case

There Are Several Ways to Check the Status of Your Immigration Case Whether you want to apply for citizenship in the United States, are seeking a green card or work visa, want to bring a family member to the U.S. adopt a child from another country, or you qualify for refugee status, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) office offers resources to help navigate the immigration process. After youve filed for your particular situation, you can check your immigration case  status  online, where you can sign up for updates via text or email. You can also find out about your status by phone, or make an appointment to discuss your case with a USCIS official in person.   Online Create an account at  USCIS My Case Status so you can check your status online. Youll need to sign up for either an account for yourself if you are seeking the status of your case, or as a representative of someone else if you are checking on a relative who is in the immigration process. Whether youre applying yourself or for a family member, youll need basic information such as official name, date of birth, address, and the country of citizenship to answer security questions during the registration process. Once youve signed up, you can log in, enter your 13-character application receipt number, and track progress of your case. From your  USCIS account, you can sign up for automatic case status updates via email or text message to a U.S. cell phone number whenever an  update has occurred. By Phone or Mail You can also call and send mail regarding your case status. Call the National Customer Service Center at 1-800-375-5283, follow the voice prompts, and have your application receipt number ready. If you filed an application with your local USCIS Field Office, you can write directly to that office for an update. In your letter, be sure to include: Your name, address, and (if different) your name as it appears on your applicationYour Alien number, or  A-numberYour date of birthThe date and place your application was filedYour application receipt numberA copy of the most recent notice sent to you by the USCIS, if you have received oneThe date and office where you were fingerprinted as well as the location of your interview, if it has taken place or been assigned yet In Person If you want to talk to someone face-to-face about your case status, make an InfoPass appointment  and bring: Your A-numberThe date and place your application was filedYour application receipt numberCopies of any notices sent to you by the USCIS Additional Resources Find out how long it will take to get your visa. You can also look up local processing times for USCIS applications and petitions.USCIS offers a toll-free military help line exclusively for members of the United States military and their immediate families.Looking for Diversity Visa green card lottery results? Starting with DV-2010, diversity visa status information has been available online.

To what extent do you agree with the Slovak proverb 'The more Essay

To what extent do you agree with the Slovak proverb 'The more languages you speak, the more of a person you are How is this no - Essay Example The word 'identity' has taken on a different meaning. Identity has become part of the chaotic behaviour creating social perception (Freeman79 ) "Identity is a complicated cycle process: knowing, claiming and recognizing". (Chryssochoou 2000) which requires the use of language to communicate. The process of socialization, and communication have become the part of the sociolinguist's job. In this essay we will identify the complex meaning of identity and associate it with the meaning of language. Multiple identities are related to the multiple roles we take in society. It will be shown that speaking a second language, is not an extension of the first language thus a countable number of identities but another set of independent roles in itself. As an independent set of roles is established, a new pluralistic identity has been established. A bilingual person can perceive himself as a different set of identities depending on which language he is speaking. An English speaker will not speak the same language at home as he will speak at work in a foreign country. Or if he does speak at work it will not be at the same linguistic level as it would be if he were speaking to native English speakers. A multilingual personal will have more identities. The more languages a person speaks the more identity roles he will have. Building a better self identity of a L2 learner is done through the use of L1 in the classroom. This technique is the opposite that 20 years ago. Only the target language was thought as being the best result for teaching. As the proverb is dealing with two distinct topics, the essay will deal define the concept of identity then show how identity changes with the concept of multilinguism and then show it affects identity differently. The globalization of languages will be presented to show the effect on languages. A Sociological approach to self identity "The core of an identity is to put the "self" into a "role" and integrating the meanings and expectation s with the role and the performances" (Stets & Burke, 2000). Self is comprised of the mind as the thinking part (Stets & Burke, 2000). The thinking part creates action by the use of language as a means of communication. The concept of one's self or self concept is a collection of meanings used based on information that we have interpreted or gathered from others and taken as information about our 'evaluation' of our existence. (Chryssochoou, X 2000) The language two learner builds his acquisition on how the quality of his performance is perceived by others. Our sense of changing from the learner and the others can be perceived as idealistic or realistic, as the level of the learner is constantly changing (the classroom versus the real environment) Most of what we know about ourselves come from our environment. . Two dimensions of Self esteem have been identified: seeing oneself as competent and capable and feeling that one is accepted and valued (Chryssochoou, X 2000). Self worthine ss and having the ability to succeed are important in establishing the identity theory."In terms of language acquisition, efficacy is a belief about one's ability to become fluent" (Bandura 1995) Identity is a generic term as it is complex and multi-faceted. "The identities are the meanings, one has as a student, a teacher, a mother, a worker†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦" (Stet & Burk, 2000). The Identity Theory in Sociology takes into account 5 common principles

Business Economics for the World Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Economics for the World Market - Essay Example Based on this analysis the total costs of the project exceed the present value of future sales. It is true that the total costs of the project exceed the present value of future sales, but we have to consider the R&D costs were already incurred. If the company were to decide to reject the project the R&D expenses would become a sunk cost. A sunk cost can be defined as cost that has been incurred that cannot be reversed (Investopedia). If the firm decided to forfeit the project the accumulated sunk cost would lead to a project loss of $8 million. On the hand if the firm decided to invest an additional $4 million dollars the firm would end up with a final project loss of $2 million. It is better to lose $2 million than to lose $8 million. Another possibility of continuing the project is for the company to create extension products or other related product lines in the future. These products could help improve the total performance of the project in order to reach profitability. Another consideration for the company is that producing this product can help the firm improve its overall market share in the industry. The firm should have performed a better analysis of the potential returns of the project much earlier in the project life cycle. Since the firm already invested $8 in research and development the best decision is to continue with the project. I do not agree with the recommendation of canceling the project. The firm made bad decision in the past to undertake the project and invest $8 million in R&D without having a good estimate of the potential returns of the project. Right now rejecting the project at its current development stage would compound the original problem. 1b) The new information given that the marketing and overhead expenses associated with continuing the project amount to $4 million does not change my opinion about the best solution for the firm. Based on the new figures the company would lose $6 million if they continue with the project. If the firm decides to discontinue the project the overall loses for the project would be $8 million. The company should continue with the project in order to learn from their experiences. Based on the new information I would be more willing to reject the project if the financial conditions are not correct. For instances if the company does not have the $8 million dollars readily available I would recommend the company does not go out of their way to incurred in moves such as selling common stocks to finance this project. The firm should implement changes in its risk assessment protocols for new products or capital projects in order to incorporate the utilization of methods such NPV to assess the viability of a project prior to investing money in research and development initiatives. 2) The video rental store owner would have benefited a lot from having more knowledge about economic concepts. It is possible that the owner made a decision based on the law of demand and supply which sti pulates that by lowering the price of an item the volumes of sales will go up as a consequence. The error the video rental owner made is that he did not consider the implications of having a price of elasticity of -0.45. The price elasticity of demand is an economic variable that measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good or service to a change in its price (Absoluteastronomy). The price elasticity of the firm can be categorized as relative elastic since the value of -0.45 which is between cero and -1. This implies

Juvenile Boot Camps Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Boot Camps Essay Correctional boot camps for juveniles, as well as for adults, focus on structure, discipline and physical and/or mental challenge. The experiences of the offenders in the programs are anticipated to change them in a positive way so that their future criminal activities will be reduced. The mechanism for this change is attributed to various factors such as self-esteem or increased bonds with staff and peers. Some also expect that these punitive programs will discourage others from committing crimes or that the individuals who spend time in the programs will be deterred from future criminal activities. There are basically three types of boot camps: the military drilling style that focuses on strict discipline; the rehabilitative approach; and the educational/vocational model. In 1985 the first juvenile boot camp was established in Orleans Parish, Louisiana. In 1987, only four state correctional system boot camp programs existed. In 1992 there were three pilot juvenile boot camps started in Ohio, Colorado, and Alabama. The offenders sent to these locations were non-violent offenders less than 18 years of age, and were to complete a three-month residential program and six to nine month aftercare program. However, there were reports of a lack of consistency and coordination in the aftercare programs which lead to substandard results as opposed to those high intentions of lower recidivism. By 1993 there were forty-six reported in thirty states. This number grew increasingly to boast 75 facilities for juveniles by 1997, in 33 states. These figures represent only official state facilities, and do not include private camps and those established by local jurisdictions. If the figures included these facilities run by other jurisdictions and private persons the number would be significantly higher. The idea of juvenile boot camps is much newer than adult faculties, although, in Texas alone their Juvenile Probation Department approved eighteen proposals to construct juvenile facilities across the state (Tyler, 2001). There are several elements of juvenile boot camps which include a regimented military-style program, strict discipline and rules, young, first-time nonviolent inmates, and programs that offer a shorter alternative to prison sentences. These elements can be altered in order to form different methods of treatment within the camps. The goals vary within each program, but effectively they are all similar. They range to include incapacitation, deterrence, rehabilitation, reduction of prison costs and crowding, and punishment. Each program varies these goals in order to obtain the maximum positive potential results possible (Keenan Barry, 1994). Rates of recidivism can be dependant on the types of offenders allowed to participate in the program, and therefore these participants are controlled for in order to make the programs look desirable to continue to obtain public support and funding from the state. There are several people that play a role in deciding the participants of the program. These players include the sentencing judge, the correctional authority operating the boot camp, or a combination of the two. Another factor that plays a role in participant selection is the participant themselves. These young offenders are able to choose to participate in the boot camp or endure a longer period in incarceration. Surprisingly there are a majority of offenders that choose incarceration over the tough boot camps (Selcraig, 2000). There are several issues that arise when studying boot camps. One needs to understand how to make boot camps effective in order to reduce the risk of reoffending after completion of the program. The camps used to be considered as scaring children senseless and it was thought that this idea scared the children not to re-offend. Now there has been more studies and researchers realize that this method needs to be mixed with treatment and aftercare in order to be an effective tool of punishment and treatment. Despite common wisdom holding that nothing works to alter a life of crime, programs can achieve rehabilitation by emphasizing problem-solving skills and anti criminal role-modelling. (Castellano) Another alternative to community supervision are halfway houses or partial community confinement, designed to provide help to the offender in being reintegrated into the community. These alternatives are also thought to increase rehabilitation and incapacitation, but at the same time they will increase the costs of rehabilitating the offender. This method combined with assistance in finding a job, counselling, and length of time monitored should prove effective in reducing re-offending. Monitoring comes in the form of electronic monitoring, and urinalysis. However, if these new methods prove to be more effective if combined as an aftercare program with the boot camp then it is a necessary tool that should be provided to the offender. There should be no cost too big in rehabilitating the offender because not only is it the offenders future at stake but possibly the publics too because it is thought that they usually re-offend with more serious crimes. The research on juvenile boot camps suggests that completion rates were high in the first year of the program, but research on aftercare programs suggests that nearly half of those who graduated to the aftercare phase dropped out, were arrested for a new offence, or were discharged for not complying with the programs rules. It was reported that in March 1992, every existing program was equipped with the necessary tools to provide education and/or drug-abuse treatment, although they were not originally equipped to do so. However, there is a belief that the effectiveness of boot camps as a deterrent to recidivism is less effective than the public believes. Further research must focus not so much on why the rate of recidivism is so high, but rather on how the boot camp program itself deters those who do not recidivate. There are several reasons that researchers attempt to use in order to defend the use of boot camps. They argue that the high recidivism rates can be accountable by a number of reasons. For example, they claim that the high rates are because some of the graduates were re-arrested for violent or aggressive crimes that they committed before boot camp, but the system was not aware of these crimes before assignment. They also claim that when the programs were started there was a huge backlog of high-risk youths in the system, so the boot camps received some of the worst offenders and can not be to blame for the high recidivism (Szalavitz, 2002). This point can be argued because isnt the program supposed to rehabilitate the offender? Does it matter if the offender is considered high-risk? The program operators are claiming success rates in order to obtain funding and continued support, however, they are saying that certain offenders can not be rehabilitated. It is not fair for someone else to decide whether or not someone is able to be rehabilitated without giving them a chance to prove themselves. No two people are alike and different people respond differently to treatments. There are also other negative aspects to these alternative measures of incarceration. There are several incidents of reported deaths caused by unnecessary roughness or physical exertion at these boot camps. Barry Krisberg, president of the National Council on Crime and Delinquency in Oakland believes that boot camps are poorly regulated, and notes that many camps require counsellors who have gone through the program themselves, meaning many have criminal records, and are left in charge of the children. This does not seem like an appropriate method for dealing with the children. Leaving them with counsellors with criminal records seems like an accident waiting to happen. Who is to say these counsellors are treated and reformed, especially after all the research indicating the possibilities of reoffending after the programs (Sharp, 1995). As well, there are reports of younger inmates being sexually assaulted, and one could assume others are physically assaulted by older inmates. According to an article published in 2000, there are at least half a dozen children that have died in boot camps, and other investigations have concluded that hundreds of others have been put through emotional and physical abuse (West, 2000). The costs of boot camps run an average of ten times higher than the cost of a juvenile on probation, according to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. The average cost of each youth enrolled in a boot camps program runs about $93/day. These figures range from $65/day at the Boys and Girls Clubs of Greater Mobile Alabama, to $120/day at the Second Chance in Connell, Washington. This works out to be approximately $33,480 per year per youth. Also in comparison, Kansas, which does not currently have boot camps, spends $47,400 per year per youth housing an offender in an institution (Tyler, 2001). There is also research suggesting the validity of the boot camps and their success in rehabilitating young offenders. The researchers claim that if there was an increase in the number of paid staff it would increase the number, quality, and intensity of training and rehabilitative programs within the camp. However, a downfall to this is the increase in funding that would be necessary to keep the programs up and running. Another idea that has been suggested is the multi-use of locations- using an existing prison site and incorporating the boot camps into the same location. They believe this would also decrease recidivism because it would serve as a deterrent when the offender saw the option of jail as another form of punishment and realized how unappealing it is. Colorado, North Dakota and Arizona have ended their boot camp programs, Georgia is phasing them out, and Florida and California are cutting back. This all due to the fact that there continues to be a lot of controversy over the effectiveness of the boot camps and whether or not they are effective in reducing recidivism and helping the offender to become a responsible contributing member of society. Along similar lines of boot camps, are another fairly new idea of programs. These programs are more interested in treatment and provide more education, as opposed to using the military-style punishment. One such programs sends recruits to spend a weekend with the U. S Marine Corps, learning obedience to orders and discipline. Researchers criticize this method of program because they believe that since their disobedient behaviour took time to develop, it will take more than a weekend to cure their negative behaviour (Tyler, 2001). Upon reading most of the information it seems as though a general question seems to arise- if it is the aftercare that ultimately determines whether the offender is likely to re-offend, is the boot camp necessary or can we skip right to the aftercare portion? This is an interesting question because it questions the authority of the state to spend the money on the boots camps if they cannot even be linked to reduced recidivism. Further research needs to be done into the effectiveness of these camps because it needs to be discovered whether or not they can reduce recidivism. If in fact the camps are not responsible for the rehabilitation or scared straight technique, but it is due for example, to the aftercare, then we need to focus more attention on this. It is very important to obtain the most effective results possible so that we can help these troubled youths to lead a more productive and fulfilling life. As it stands now, the aftercare focuses on reintegration into the community, using a counsellor. This counsellor includes the family and community when assessing their method of care. After a program is made to suit the individual, there is strict supervision, used in conjunction with rewards and sanctions available to the successful candidate (Begin, 1996). There is no data on the effectiveness of the facility. All in all, the use of juvenile boot camps are a highly criticized and often highly respected means of treating and punishing the young offender. Their use has been criticized often for not reducing recidivism rates and their abuse of participants. However, any reduction in recidivism should be looked at as a positive because it is one less youth who is going to endure a life of crime, and one less youth who is committing a crime and harming the general public. Because a lot of the facilities are responsible for reducing recidivism, boot camps are still in use today. Overall, although there is negative data related to the use of boot camps, there is also a lot of rewarding experiences and positive outcomes. These experiences allow for the continuation of the programs and continued improvements in the aftercare are being made to better the services of the boot camps to improve the rehabilitation process of the young offender. References Begin, Patricia. (1996). Boot Camps: Issues for Consideration. Ontario: Library of Parliament- Research Branch. Keenan, John; Barry, R. (1994, March). Measuring the Military Atmosphere of Boot Camps. Federal Probation, 58, (1), 67-71.

Early Cross-Culture Settlement on the Northern Black Sea Coast :: essays papers

Early Cross-Culture Settlement on the Northern Black Sea Coast Scyles was a Scythian prince who led a double life. He was a prince of the Scythian nomads who controlled a large area surrounding the Greek colonies on the northern Black Sea coast. But like all great Greek plays, his story is a tragedy. Scyles was fascinated by the city of Olbia and the high culture of the Greeks. So he created a second life for himself within the walls of Olbia; he kept a Geek wife and built a palace to live in.. He dressed in Greek robes and participated in the Greek religious festivals. However this was his secret for he never told nor shared this part of himself with his nomad tribesmen. His was a world of duality. One day during the celebrations of Dionysus, some of Scyles’ tribesmen came to peer over the city walls and saw their prince parading down the avenue leading the Greek procession in their festivities. It is easy to estimate what happened. Scyles was found out and forced to flee, he sought asylum in Thrace but was handed back for exec ution to his usurping brother. Treason of nation has always been a capital crime. The story of Scyles is an important because it gives us a glimpse into the world of the Greek colonies on the Black Sea coast. Although they were founded and cultivated by the Greeks, it was ultimately the peoples of the region, mainly the Scyths whose future the cities hands lay in. Archaeologically we can see a unique blend of the two civilizations working together and in opposition to control the power and economy of this region The city of Olbia was one of the most influential of the Black Sea colonies, and although not the largest it was one of the oldest and had a critical geographical position that gave it its prestige. Archaeologically, Olbia provides an opportunity to examine a classic Greek colony as well as a glimpse at the interaction of two cultures developing alongside each other. Olbia The existing site of Olbia can be seen clearly from the water. It is about three miles in length and lies on the Bug River estuary near the Dnepr River. It’s location is central because of the adjoining agricultural communities of the Scyths.

Carter Case Essay

1) First, how would you recommend we go about reducing the turnover in our stores? Turnover is a problem that is likely to be present in any low payed, low skilled job. Carter Cleaning can directly effect this turnover rate in a positive way through some guidance. Some great incentive for people to stay with a business is by providing opportunities for advancement. This could be practiced by Carter Cleaning by offering management positions to people who have been working with the organization and fit the criteria. Also, they could offer incentives such as discount dry cleaning for the employees families as incentive to stay. Another way to reduce turnover is to provide a functional, employee engaged, and cheerful work environment. Making the workplace an enjoyable experience for employees is a huge part in getting them to stay with the company. TLNT suggests, †create meaningful employee experiences,† to help reduce turnover. Finally they can also provide very flexible work schedules, so that people have a greater comfort and freedom to work when they would like. The Wall Street Journal suggests, â€Å"Pay attention to employees’ personal needs and offer more flexibility where you can,† in order to reduce turnover. Another angel of attacking the turnover problem is by having a good hiring process. Hiring good fits for a job is important in keeping them active in the business. This can be done as Heathfield argues in about.com by, â€Å"Select the right people in the first place through behavior-based testing and competency screening.† If Carter Cleaning implements these suggestions a decrease in turnover can definitely be expected. 2) Provide a detailed list of recommendations concerning how we should go about increasing our pool of acceptable job applicants so we no longer face the need to hire almost anyone who walks in the door. Many ideas come straight out of my Human Resource Management text book to answer this question. An important place to start would be forecasting workforce and turnover for the business. This can be done by viewing statistical data over the past years. That way the company knows when they are likely to need new hires. The second thing that should be done is an increased applicant pool. This can be obtained in several ways. First, I would create interest in working at the business by promoting its job strengths in the local areas. They could promote themselves as a pleasant place to work, or a flexible place to work. This can be done by bulletins, web advertisements, and window signs. A strong and good brand will attract more people to want to work and apply to Carters Cleaning Company,â€Å"†¦should build its brand or reputation amongst potential applicants† (Dessler, 114). Also, let applicants know of any benefits for working with the company, and promoting the possibility of advancement from within. This will draw initial interest to the company. The company must exist on the internet, â€Å"For most employers and for most jobs, Internet-based recruiting is by far the recruiting source of choice† (Dessler, 116). This makes it easy for interested parties to apply to the company. Creation of an effective and easy to use application for both the web and walk-ins is crucial. This will provide an easy selection process for Carter Cleaning, and less hassle for interested parties. These promotions must be effectively placed throughout the web to attract the correct type of people that would be interested in this kind of job. This can be done by utilizing social media such as facebook, myspace, and linkedIn. These pages can be â€Å"crawled† virtually to find possible applicants based on a number of related items such as location, interest, and education. To even further increase the applications, referrals are very effective. Jennifer should post new job â€Å"†¦openings and requests for referrals on [the company’s] website, bulletin board, and/or wallboards† (Dessler, 125). Employee referrals typically â€Å"†¦provide accurate information about the job applicants they refer†¦,† which will make it easier to find qualified applicants to fill opened positions with qualified employees that will most likely stay at the company over six months (Dessler, 125). Finally, there needs to be a place to record applications for future use. This could either be done on a computer or physical files. The basic way of solving this problem is to keep job interest high by promotions, and possible hires close at hand with the use of application records. References Experiencing Employee Turnover – More Tips to Reduce Employee Turnover How to Reduce Employee Turnover – Management – WSJ.com 10 Tips For Reducing Employee Turnover Dessler, G. (2014). Fundamentals of human resource management (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Outline current legislation guidelines

The UK government provides guidelines to organisations and individuals in England and Wales to inform them about how legislation enacted in Parliament should be interpreted and applied. Policy is the term used to describe as a principle or rule used to inform decision making within organisations, so that they are able to achieve a rational or desirable outcome. Policy differs from legislation as it guides actions, but cannot compel or prohibit behaviours. A procedure is a document written to support a policy principle or rule.A Procedure is designed to stablish corporate accountability for implementation of a policy by describing the set of actions that have to be executed and by whom within an organization in relation to it. Practitioners working with children do so within a complex framework of both national legislation and guidance, and local policy and procedure, directed at safeguarding and promoting the welfare of children. For practitioners to achieve the best outcomes for chi ldren it is essential that they are familiar with the legislative and policy framework within which work.In terms of current legislation and policy afeguarding the welfare of children and young people is defined as: protecting children from maltreatment preventing impairment of children's health or development ensuring children are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care. Child protection is an aspect of safeguarding children's welfare and refers to the activity that is undertaken to protect specific children who are suffering, or are likely to suffer, significant harm.Children Act (1989) The Children Act (1989) charged local authorities with duties to safeguard and romote the welfare of children in their area, to work in partnership with parents and to provide â€Å"services for children in need, their families and 17). The Act also imposed upon local authorities a â€Å"duty to investigate if they have reasonable cause to suspect that a child who lives, or is found, in their area is suffering, or is likely to suffer, significant harm† (section 47).The Children Act (1989) requires courts to make the welfare of the child the paramount consideration in any judgments made. It also introduced the principle that delays in court proceedings ere harmful to the child. The Act articulated the principle that parents have responsibilities for their children not right over them. Education Act (2002) The Education Act ( 2) included a provision (section 1 5 requiring school governing bodies, local education authorities and further education institutions to make arrangements to safeguard and promote the welfare of children.The Laming Report (2003) The Laming Report arose from the inquiry into the murder of child abuse victim Victoria Climbi ©. In his report Lord Laming made at total of 108 recommendations for he overhaul of child protection in England and Wales. Key recommendations of the Laming report included: The cre ation of a children and families board chaired by a senior government minister, to coordinate policies and initiatives, that have a bearing on the wellbeing of children and families.A national agency for children and families, led by a children's commissioner, should be established to ensure local services meet national standards for child protection and implement reforms. The report directed that Safeguarding Boards for children and families should be stablished by councils, with members drawn from social services, education, housing, the NHS, the police and probation services. The boards should appoint a local director of children and family services to monitor effective interagency working on child welfare and protection.The creation of a national children's database that keeps a record of every contact a child has with a member of staff from the police, health and local authorities. Every Child Matters (ECM) (2003) The I-JK government responded to the Laming Report with the Ever y Child Matter (ECM) green paper launched in 2003. ECM covers children and young adults up to the age of 19, or for those with disabilites up to the age of 24..Its main aims are for every child, irrespective of their background or circumstances, to have the support they need to: Be healthy Stay safe Enjoy and achieve Make a positive contribution Achieve economic well-being All childcare settings are required to demonstrate that are promoting the 5 (SHEEP) principles of ECM. Each of these themes has a detailed framework attached whose outcomes require multi-agency partnerships working together to achieve.

CEOs essays

CEO's essays If you were to ask me what I wanted to be when I graduate, I would give you an answer that you would not likely expect. It would be something that is impossible to be right out of college, but it is my main goal. That job is that of a CEO. I enjoy being a leader and making an impression with everything I do, but I was unsure if that was material for a future CEO. I found a book that really struck my attention because it is a book about fifty of the nations most successful businessmen. This book is Lessons from the Top by Thomas J. Neff and James M. Citrin. It reveals insights and gives you a closer look at their million dollar ideas and what sparked them. This book profiles fifty of the nations best CEOs and highlights at the end on six principles that all of them more or less share. The six principles to successful management by Neff and Citrin are: 1) Live with Integrity and Lead by Example 2) Develop a winning strategy or Big Idea 5) Create a Flexible, Responsive Organizations 6) Reinforcing Management and Compensation These principles are not in a particular order or should not be done one at a time, but these are something that should be implemented in your company around the clock. Living with integrity and leading by example are two of the essentials to success. It is the voice of right and wrong that directs you through life. Hank Greenberg of AIG thinks integrity coupled with the ability to achieve results is what makes a good leader. Employees spend a lot of time watching the boss to see what he is doing and because of this managers must have a large amount of humility. Many say a persons ego can be their demise. Herb Kelleher makes a good point when he says, The best leaders must be good followers as well. He says you have to be willing to go for other peoples ideas even and especially when you are struggling with your own. Herb Kelleher is quot...

Anne Hutchinsons Words and Their Later Significance

An Hutchinson's word and its subsequent significance, although Anne Hutchinson was only involved in religious discussions at her house during the trial, but in review of Mrs. Anne Hutchinson of Newton Court it is weakened and unclear A trial took place in 1637, the standards for treatment of women later, followed by speech and writing, Hutchinson confessed that he was guilty, so maintaining the power to the priest (and male) woman To (or to maintain) - to control the power of women and to interpret the human-made meaning from words. Anne Hutchinson is very important for Puritans. Because she teaches the beliefs based on the Bible and the spiritual insight that God's revelation does not end in the Bible but continues through the spirit. Hutchinson has a very important meaning for Americans. Because she follows her belief, despises authority, and begins to realize her dream. Like Hutchinson, Hester Prinn lived an American dream. She is an intricate combination of tradition and extremis m, holiness and sin, purity and sex. In the novel, we saw a small businessman through her skills and her efforts in means. We saw that sympathetic sisters are taking care that they are dying with the sick. We saw a mother raising her daughter in her own faith. We are seeing women help her and love her and give him salvation An Hutchinson's word and its subsequent significance, although Anne Hutchinson was only involved in religious discussions at her house during the trial, but in review of Mrs. Anne Hutchinson of Newton Court it is weakened and unclear In the absence of a basis, This trial was conducted in 1637 for the treatment of future women, the subsequent rhetoric and sentences standardized, Hutchinson confessed guilty by the prosecution law (priest (And men)) or maintain women's power - control the power of women and interpret the human - made meaning from the words. In the 16th pregnancy in 1639, Anne Hutchinson aborted and gave birth to many organizations - she may be diagn osed as a mole today. Hutchinson was expelled from the Boston church a year ago and was exiled from the colony of the Massachusetts Bay. Her numerous believers are threatening the power of the ecclesiastical (and political) elders. That is the heart of so - called opposition debate. John Winslow of the Massachusetts Gulf Colonial Governor asked her about her flat speech during the Ministerial Conference even though he was still worried about the exiled Hutchinson.

Marijuana- illegal or legal What is best for Hawaii Research Paper

Marijuana- illegal or legal What is best for Hawaii - Research Paper Example It was also commonly used as an intoxicant in this period. However, a campaign by the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs, portraying it as an addictive and powerful substance that acted as a gateway drug led to its illegalization. It became a symbol of authority rebellion for hippies and college students in the 60s. Along with LSD and heroin, marijuana was classified as a schedule 1 drug in 1970 through the Controlled Substances Act, which classed it as possessing high potential; for abuse with no accepted use in medicine. The Bush and Reagan â€Å"zero tolerance† era saw the passage of strict regulations and sentences for marijuana possession and increased surveillance of cross-border smuggling (Joffe & Yancy 637). This brought a shift to reliance on domestic marijuana cultivation in California and Hawaii. However, expanded crackdowns saw another shift towards indoor growing; leading to a decade of falling marijuana use. However, its use saw a revival in the 90s, which l eveled off in the 2000s. Where We Are Today In Hawaii With Marijuana? On 8th March, 2011, the state senate passed five bills related to marijuana. Senate Bill 58 increased marijuana amounts that an individual could carry to allow them carry 5 ounces or grow 10 plants at any given time (Cooper & Daws 276). The bill was also meant to protect the confidentiality of patients and address issues concerning marijuana transport. Bill 113, in turn, provided for a marijuana research program of three years, which would be conducted in Hawaii involving local marijuana users and qualified researchers. Bill 175, should it be passed into law, would see a shift in authority of marijuana laws to the Health Department from the Public Safety Department. Bill 1458 aims to create three class levels for licensing purposes: the first is â€Å"compassion centers that will be responsible for the dispensation of marijuana, the second for cultivation centers, and the third for the sale of infused marijuana ( Cooper & Daws 279). One of the most essential steps towards marijuana legalization is Bill 1460, which seeks to decriminalize any amount of marijuana that is less than one ounce. The bill also proposes that requirements that currently call for reporting of students in possession of marijuana be cancelled if they are caught in possession of less than an ounce of marijuana (Cooper & Daws 280). The five bills in the Senate are widely supported with two among them seeing unanimous approval with the other three facing a maximum of two no votes. These bills are expected to continue towards House approval. According to a number of senators, the economic conditions, money spent on arrests, drastic debts in the state, and the proven effects of medical marijuana make it high time to learn from the decriminalization in Colorado. In addition, if law enforcement and state government should put their efforts towards proper taxation, rather than prosecuting and prohibiting distributors, growers, a nd users so as to provide revenue that is required to improve the debt in the state (Cooper & Daws 281). The recent support given by senate is a sign that this is agreed on by a majority of the senators. Marijuana as a Legal Drug Uses of Marijuana There are various methods of marijuana administration, such as smoking of dried buds, vaporizing, taking capsules, and eating or drinking extracts